Python Typing Specification

1. Type system concepts

   Types, subtyping, gradual typing and consistency.

2. Special types in annotations

   Any, None, Never, Optional and Union.

3. Generics

   TypeVar, ParamSpec and generic classes.

4. Protocols

   Structural subtyping.

5. Callables

   Callable annotations and overloads.

6. TypedDict

   Typed dictionary shape definitions.

7. Dataclasses

   Dataclass transform semantics.

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