Base16, Base32 and Base64 (RFC 4648)

1. Base 64 encoding

   The standard alphabet, padding and 24-bit groups.

2. Base 64 URL and filename safe alphabet

   Using - and _ instead of + and /.

3. Base 32 encoding

   Standard Base32 alphabet.

4. Base 16 encoding

   Hexadecimal encoding.

5. Implementation discrepancies

   Line breaks, padding, and non-alphabet characters.

6. Security considerations

   Encoding is not encryption; canonical encodings.

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